Inyo County, California

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Inyo County is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,546. The county seat is Independence.

Inyo County is on the east side of the Sierra Nevada and southeast of Yosemite National Park in Central California. It contains the Owens River Valley; it is flanked to the west by the Sierra Nevada and to the east by the White Mountains and the Inyo Mountains.

Mount Whitney, the highest peak in the Contiguous United States, is on Inyo County's western border (with Tulare County). The Badwater Basin in Death Valley National Park, the lowest place in North America, is in eastern Inyo County. (The two points are not visible from each other, but both can be observed from the Panamint Range on the west side of Death Valley, above the Panamint Valley.) Thus, Inyo County has the greatest elevation difference among all of the counties and county-equivalents in the contiguous United States.

With an area of 10,192 square miles (26,397 km²), Inyo County is the second-largest county by area in California, after San Bernardino County. Almost one-half of that area is within Death Valley National Park. However, with a population density of 1.8 people per square mile, it also has the second lowest population density in California.

The county is unique out of California's other counties because of the geographic locations. The county includes both the lowest and highest places in the state, Badwater Basin and Mount Whitney, the latter of which it shares with Tulare County. The difference between the two locations is about 14,700 feet.

Video Inyo County, California

History

Present day Inyo county has been the historic homeland for thousands of years of the Mono tribe, Coso people, Timbisha, and Kawaiisu Native Americans. They spoke the Timbisha language and the Mono language with Mono traditional narratives. The descendants of these ancestors continue to live in their traditional homelands in the Owens River Valley and in Death Valley National Park.

Inyo County was formed in 1866 out of the territory of the unorganized Coso County, which had been created on April 4, 1864 from parts of Mono and Tulare Counties. It acquired more territory from Mono County in 1870 and Kern County and San Bernardino County in 1872.

For many years it has been commonly believed that the county derived its name from the Mono tribe of Native Americans name for the mountains in its former homeland. Actually the name came to be thought of, mistakenly, as the name of the mountains to the east of the Owens Valley when the first whites there asked the local Paiutes what the name of the mountains to the east was.

The local Paiutes responded that that was the land of Inyo. They meant by this that those lands belonged to the Shoshone tribe headed by a man whose name was Inyo. Inyo was the name of the headman of the Panamint band of Paiute-Shoshone people at the time of contact when the first whites, the Manly expedition of 1849, wandered, lost, into Death Valley on their expedition to the gold fields of western California. The Owens Valley whites misunderstood the local Paiute and thought that Inyo was the name of the mountains when actually it was the name of the chief, or headman, of the tribe that had those mountains as part of their homeland.

"Indian George", a fixture of many of the stories of early Death Valley days, was Inyo's son. Indian George's Shoshone name was "Bah-Vanda-Sa-Va-Nu-Kee", which means "The Boy Who Ran Away", a name he was given when he became terrified of the whites and their wheeled wagons and huge buffalo, none of which the Shoshone had ever seen before when they came wandering down Furnace Creek Wash in December 1849. In 1940, when Bah-vanda was around 100 years old, JC Boyles, a Panamint Shoshone who had become educated, came back to the Panamint Valley and interviewed Bah-Vanda at length about the early days of his life, including the events of 1849, and it is in this interview (which can be found in the February 1940 issue of The Desert Magazine) that Bah-vanda refers to his father, Inyo.

In order to provide water needs for the growing City of Los Angeles, water was diverted from the Owens River into the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913. The Owens River Valley cultures and environments changed substantially. From the 1910s to 1930s the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power purchased much of the valley for water rights and control. In 1941 the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power extended the Los Angeles Aqueduct system further upriver into the Mono Basin.

Maps Inyo County, California

Natural history

Inyo County is host to a number of natural superlatives. Among them are:

• Mount Whitney, with an elevation of 14,505 feet (4,421 m), is the highest point in the contiguous United States, the 12th highest peak in the U.S., and the 24th highest peak in North America.
• Badwater Basin, in Death Valley, the lowest point in North America
• Methuselah, an ancient Bristlecone pine tree and one of the oldest living trees on Earth
• Owens Valley, the deepest valley on the American continents
• Two mountain ranges exceeding 14,000 feet (4,300 m) in elevation: The Sierra Nevada and the White Mountains
• Thirteen of California's fifteen peaks which exceed 14,000 feet (a Fourteener) in elevation; the isolated Mount Shasta in northern California, and White Mountain Peak in neighboring Mono County, are the only California 14ers not (at least partly) in Inyo County
• The largest escarpment in the United States, rising from the floor of Death Valley to the top of Telescope Peak in the Panamint Range

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Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 10,227 square miles (26,490 km²), of which 10,181 square miles (26,370 km²) is land and 46 square miles (120 km²) (0.5%) is water. It is the second-largest county by area in California and the ninth-largest in the United States (excluding boroughs and census areas in Alaska).

Lakes

National protected areas

• Death Valley National Park (part)
• Inyo National Forest (part)
• Manzanar National Historic Site

There are 22 official wilderness areas in Inyo County that are part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. This is the second-largest number of any county, exceeded only by San Bernardino County's 35 wilderness areas. Most of these are managed solely by the Bureau of Land Management, but four are integral components of Death Valley National Park or Inyo National Forest and are thus managed by either the National Park Service or the Forest Service. Some of these wilderness areas also extend into neighboring counties.

Except as noted, the wilderness areas are managed solely by the Bureau of Land Management, and lie entirely within Inyo County:

Death Valley National Park

Death Valley National Park is a mostly arid United States National Park located east of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in southern Inyo County and northern San Bernardino County in California, with a small extension into southwestern Nye County and extreme southern Esmeralda County in Nevada. In addition, there is an exclave (Devil's Hole) in southern Nye County. The park covers 5,262 square miles (13,630 km²), encompassing Saline Valley, a large part of Panamint Valley, almost all of Death Valley, and parts of several mountain ranges. Death Valley National Monument was proclaimed in 1933, placing the area under federal protection. In 1994, the monument was redesignated a national park, as well as being substantially expanded to include Saline and Eureka Valleys.

It is the hottest and driest of the national parks in the United States. It also features the second-lowest point in the Western Hemisphere and the lowest point in North America at the Badwater Basin, which is 279 feet (85 m) below sea level. It is home to many species of plants and animals that have adapted to this harsh desert environment. Some examples include Creosote Bush, Bighorn Sheep, Coyote, and the Death Valley Pupfish, a survivor of much wetter times. Approximately 95% of the park is designated as wilderness. Death Valley National Park is visited annually by more than 770,000 visitors who come to enjoy its diverse geologic features, desert wildlife, historic sites, scenery, clear night skies, and the solitude of the extreme desert environment.

Other parks

• Alabama Hills Recreation Area
• Manzanar National Historic Site
• Last Chance Meadow Research Natural Area
• California Bighorn Sheep Zoological Area

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Demographics

2011

Places by population, race, and income

2010

The 2010 United States Census reported that Inyo County had a population of 18,546. The racial makeup of Inyo County was 13,741 (74.1%) White, 109 (0.6%) African American, 2,121 (11.4%) Native American, 243 (1.3%) Asian, 16 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 1,676 (9.0%) from other races, and 640 (3.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3,597 persons (19.4%).

2000

At the 2000 census, there were 17,945 people, 7,703 households and 4,937 families residing in the county. The population density was 2 per square mile (1/km²). There were 9,042 housing units at an average density of 1 per square mile (0/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 80.1% White, 0.2% Black or African American, 10.0% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 4.6% from other races, and 4.2% from two or more races. 12.6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 16.4% were of German, 12.2% English, 10.6% Irish and 5.0% American ancestry according to Census 2000. 89.2% spoke English and 9.3% Spanish as their first language.

There were 7,703 households of which 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.8% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 31.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.88.

24.4% of the population were under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 23.4% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 19.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 95.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.9 males.

The median household income was $35,006 and the median family income was $44,970. Males had a median income of $37,270 versus $25,549 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,639. About 9.3% of families and 12.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.0% of those under age 18 and 8.3% of those age 65 or over.

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Politics

Voter registration

Cities by population and voter registration

Overview

Inyo is a strongly Republican county in Presidential and congressional elections. The last Democrat to win a majority in the county was Lyndon Johnson in 1964.

In the California State Legislature, Inyo County is in the 8th Senate District, represented by Republican Tom Berryhill, and the 26th Assembly District, represented by Republican Devon Mathis.

Federally, the county is in California's 8th congressional district, represented by Republican Paul Cook.

On November 4, 2008, Inyo County voted 60.4% for Proposition 8 which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriages.

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Crime

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Cities by population and crime rates

County Sheriffs

• W. A. Greenly (22 Mar 1866- 7 Nov 1867)
• William A. Moore (7 Nov 1967- 7 Nov 1875)
• Thomas Passmore (7 Nov 1875- 10 Feb 1878)- Killed On Duty
• William A. Moore (10 Feb 1878- 4 Jul 1879) - Killed On Duty
• Samuel S. Gregg (4 Jul 1879- 7 Nov 1888)
• Fred Charles Scott (7 Nov 1888- 7 Nov 1896)
• Charles Albert Collins ( 7 Nov 1896- 7 Nov 1916)
• Boone Newett (7 Nov 1916- 7 Nov 1918)
• Frank Logan (7 Nov 1918- 7 Nov 1924)
• Charles Albert Collins (7 Nov 1924-7 Nov 1926)
• Tom Hutchinson (7 Nov 1926- 7 Nov 1934)
• Emmett L. Shay (7 Nov 1934- 7 Nov 1942)
• Charles P. Cline (7 Nov 1942- 7 Nov 1954)
• Merrill Howard (7 Nov 1954- 7 Nov 1960)
• Merrill Franklin Culbertson (7 Nov 1960- 7 Nov 1962)
• Merrill L. Curtis (7 Nov 1962- 7 Nov 1970)
• Floyd Barton (7 Nov 1970- 7 Nov 1982)
• Floyd Tidwell (7 Nov 1982- 7 Nov 1984)
• Don Dorsey (7 Nov 1984- 7 Nov 1996)
• Dan Lucas ( 7 Nov 1996- 7 Nov 2006)
• Willaim R. "Bill " Lutze (7 Nov 2006- )

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Education

School districts in Inyo County are:

• Big Pine Unified School District
• Bishop Unified School District
• Bishop Union High School District
• Bishop Union Elementary School District
• Death Valley Unified School District
• Lone Pine Unified School District
• Owens Valley Unified School District
• Round Valley School District

Deep Springs College is a two-year alternative education college in Deep Springs Valley.

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Notable locations

• Mushroom Rock
• Five Bridges
• Mount Whitney
• Death Valley National Park
• Badwater Basin
• Lake Manly (Sometimes)
• Furnace Creek, California (Hottest air temperature ever recorded here in 1913 at 134.6 degrees Fahrenheit. In July 1972, a ground temperature of 201 °F (93.9 °C) was measured in Furnace Creek. This may be the highest natural ground surface temperature ever recorded.)

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Transportation

Major highways

• U.S. Route 6
• U.S. Route 395
• State Route 127
• State Route 136
• State Route 168
• State Route 178
• State Route 190

Public transportation

Eastern Sierra Transit Authority operates intercity bus service along US 395, as well as local services in Bishop. Service extends south to Ridgecrest (Kern County) and north to Reno, Nevada.

Airports

Bishop Airport, Independence Airport, Lone Pine Airport and Shoshone Airport are general aviation airports located near their respective cities. Stovepipe Wells Airport and Furnace Creek Airport are located in Death Valley National Park.

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Communities

Census-designated places

Other unincorporated communities

• Calvada Springs
• Deep Springs
• Laws

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Inyo County.

+ county seat

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See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Inyo County, California
• Early Cambrian Fossils Of Westgard Pass--One Of The Great Places On Earth To Examine Cambrian Explosion Fossils
• Ammonoids At Union Wash--A World-Class Early Triassic Fossil Locality In The Inyo Mountains

Notes

References

External links

• Inyo County travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Official website
• Inyo County Office of Education
• Inyo County Tourism website

Source of the article : Wikipedia